Types of lymphocytes:
1. B lymphocytes (type of white blood cell that makes antibodies and is an important part of the immune response)
2. T lymphocytes (type of small lymphocyte developed in the thymus, its function is to regulate the immune system's response to infected cells or malignant)
3. Natural Killer (cytotoxic lymphocyte cell type is important for the innate immune system).
These types are part of the immune system to fight infection and protect the body. ALL is the most common type of leukemia cases occur in children but can also occur in adults.
Symptoms
1. Abnormal bleeding (nosebleeds, bleeding gums)
2. Fever
3. Sense weak
4. Recurrent infection due to weak immune system.
Characteristics
ALL can develop rapidly and is getting worse and cause death. ALL is not contagious and can not be transmitted.
Handling
Handling ALL early as possible is necessary to prevent death. Treatment usually includes chemotherapy and radiation to kill the cancer cells. Bone marrow transplantation is required in patients who have a high risk of recurrence or when other treatment is not successful.
patients with ALL
patients with ALL
ALL is the most common cancer that affects children. Each year, approximately 30-40 of 1 million children diagnosed with ALL. And out of every 3 children with cancer, 1 will develop ALL.
Causing Factors
Although until now the exact cause is unknown but there are a number of causes of ALL the factors expected to be the cause of a genetic defect that leads to the occurrence of ALL:
1. Infection
Slow cure rate of infection, the emergence of an abnormal response of the immune system of the child against infection.
2. Ionizing Radiation
Children who are exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation (X-rays generated energy and other radioactive materials) before birth or at an early age have a greater risk of developing ALL.
3. Genetic Factors
ALL is not a hereditary disease, but for children with cinfenital particular disorder such as Down syndrome have a higher risk of developing ALL.
Symptoms
ALL major symptoms mostly related to the lack of normal blood cells in the circulatory system, including :
1. Anemia is caused by the low number of red blood cells.
2. Children are often easily tired and look pale.
3. It's easy bruising and bleeding due to low platelet levels.
4. Often times or continuously exposed to infection because the child does not have the number of mature white blood cells to fight infection.
5. pain in bones and or joints.
6. Other complaints may include swelling of the lymph nodes, loss of appetite, weight loss, chest pain, and discomfort in the abdomen.
Diagnosis Method
1. Full Blood Counts (FBC)
This test involves taking a blood and send it to the lab. Red blood cells, white blood and platelets are then calculated in the examination under a microscope while looking for abnormal cells in the blood.
2. Bone Marrow Examination
Further tests FBC diagnosis. These checks serve as a reference in determining the method of treatment of a doctor. The procedure involves:
a. Sampling bone marrow from the hip to the test laboratory
b. Diagnostics to ensure whether or not there are leukemia cells in the bone marrow.
c. Additional tests to ensure the type of leukemia that is detected and to predict the
final outcome of the treatment.
3. Cerebro Spinal Fluid Examination (CSF)
CSF sampling in the area around the brain and spinal cord were taken by using the Lumbar Puncture procedure. These samples were then tested in a laboratory to look for leukemia cells in the central nervous system. Additional treatment will be needed if detectable leukemia cells in the CSF.
Other Tests
1. Laboratory tests
Tests imaging with CT scan or ultrasound scan
2. X-Rays
To provide additional information regarding the various functions of vital organs and the condition of your child's health in general. These tests are conducted periodically to compare the development of the child during the treatment process.
Treatment Available
1. Series of Combination Chemotherapy
Procedure proved to be the best treatment for children with ALL. Chemotherapy was applied by mouth, by injection into a vein, or directly to the CSF. Chemotherapy can also be performed in conjunction with radiotherapy when deemed necessary by the ALL treatment success rate in pediatric patients by 80%.
2. Bone Marrow Transplantation
Transplantation is generally not mandatory. However, bone transplantation will be important when the leukemia cells that have no specific molecular changes.
Why Children with ALL get Treatment Different?
1. Treatment of ALL is determined by the type of leukemia cells, and molecular changes in leukemia initial response to chemotherapy.
2. To achieve maximum recovery while reducing the chance of long-term side effects of treatment.
Classification Of Leukemia Cells
1. Leukemia cell types determined at the time of diagnosis:
1.-B Cells
2.-T Cells
These cells were studied to determine whether they have a chromosomal or molecular changes at the DNA level. Reduction of leukemia cells in both the blood and the bone marrow monitored closely when treatment. These steps are very important to determine the prognosis of pediatric patients with ALL.
Side Effects Of Treatment
1. Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
Kill leukemia cells that grow rapidly, but also will affect the growth of normal cells that grow rapidly, including cells for the hair, mouth, stomach and bone marrow, nausea, vomiting, mouth sores and hair loss emergence, low blood cells causing anemia , thrombocytopenia (lack of platelets in the blood), systemic damage to the body (it can be toxic to the heart, affect hormone function, and fertility in the future, and trigger cancer).
2. Transfusion
reduce the effects of anemia and prevent or control bleeding caused by a lack of platelet count. Prompts will be given in dealing with infections caused by neutropenia (lack of white blood cells).
reduce the effects of anemia and prevent or control bleeding caused by a lack of platelet count. Prompts will be given in dealing with infections caused by neutropenia (lack of white blood cells).
Heredity Factor
ALL almost no offspring traits as well as other cancer properties.
What Must Be Done
1. Encouragement spirit of family
2. Consultation between the medical team and the team of nurses before and after medical treatment.
For those readers who still need more information or would like to consult, please come to the Hospital Complementary "Canon medicinae Indonesia". And if you are interested want to seek treatment, to find out more please see, come, ask, see for yourself or consult your self immediately to 21st Tubagus Ismail VII Dago avenue Bandung West Java - INDONESIA Phone: +62 - (022) 253- 1000 / Fax. (022) 251-6663 / Mobile: +62 - 0812.2023.2009 (Kidney) / +62 - 0878.9537.5000 (Diabetes Mellitus) / +62 - 0856.9518.6000 (Cancer) / +62 - 0822.1848.2898 (Heart) PIN Blackberry: 7E8C39F5 (GENERAL), 7EBA27CF (CANCER), 7E7C3491 (RENAL) (Hospital Complementary only Canon medicinae Indonesia in Bandung - West Java - INDONESIA).
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